Aegukga: The Eternal Song Symbolizing the Republic of Korea

"Aegukga" (애국가), the national anthem of the Republic of Korea, embodies the long history and noble spirit of the Korean people. It resonates deeply with many, serving as a profound symbol of the nation. 

Composer: Ahn Eak-tai (안익태)

The majestic and moving melody of Aegukga was created by the world-renowned composer, Ahn Eak-tai. Reportedly, during the March 1st Movement in 1919, Ahn was disheartened that the national anthem was being sung to the tune of the Scottish folk song "Auld Lang Syne." He resolved to compose a unique anthem for the Korean people and completed the current Aegukga in 1935. In 1937, he further elevated its status by presenting "Korean Fantasia," a symphony based on Aegukga, in the United States. 

Lyricist: Unknown, A History of Long Debate

The lyrics of Aegukga are officially attributed to "unknown author." In the past, various figures such as Yun Chi-ho, Ahn Chang-ho, and Min Young-hwan were suggested as potential lyricists, but none were officially recognized. Although Yun Chi-ho's name was often mentioned, controversies surrounding his pro-Japanese activities led to the official designation as "unknown."  In this context, Aegukga has come to be a song that embodies the collective heart of the entire nation, rather than that of a single individual.

Background and History of Aegukga's Birth

Aegukga was not initially designated as the official national anthem by the government. It became widely sung and naturally regarded as the de facto national anthem, establishing its place as the song representing the Republic of Korea. Thus, Aegukga is a symbolic entity born from the collective aspiration of the people for independence and their love for the nation during times of crisis. 

Meaning and Characteristics within the Aegukga Lyrics

Aegukga consists of four verses, characterized by a concise yet solemn atmosphere. The melody is primarily in 4/4 time, often in A major or G major, which contributes to its sense of stability. Each verse carries significant symbolic meaning. 

• Verse 1: Describes the vast and eternal land of the Korean people, from the East Sea to Mount Baekdu, emphasizing the unchanging beauty of the homeland. It represents the long history and noble spirit of the nation.
• Verse 2: Compares the perseverance and indomitable spirit of the Korean people to the steadfastness of the pine tree on Namsan Mountain.
• Verse 3: Vows to love the country with a heart resembling the high and clear autumn sky, inheriting the will of ancestors.
• Verse 4: The phrase "Let us love our country, whether in joy or sorrow" emphasizes unwavering patriotism in any circumstance, speaking to national unity and hope.

Beyond its original version with piano accompaniment, Aegukga is performed in various forms, including a cappella choruses and instrumental renditions, deeply moving the public. 

Aegukga Lyrics (Korean & English)

Korean (한국어)

1절 동해물과 백두산이 마르고 닳도록 하느님이 보우하사 우리나라 만세 무궁화 삼천리 화려 강산 대한 사람 대한으로 길이 보전하세

2절 남산 위에 저 소나무 철갑을 두른 듯 바람 서리 불변함은 우리 기상일세 무궁화 삼천리 화려 강산 대한 사람 대한으로 길이 보전하세

3절 가을 하늘 공활한데 높고 구름 없이 밝은 달은 우리 가슴 일편단심일세 무궁화 삼천리 화려 강산 대한 사람 대한으로 길이 보전하세

4절 이 기상과 이 맘으로 충성을 다하여 괴로우나 즐거우나 나라 사랑하세 무궁화 삼천리 화려 강산 대한 사람 대한으로 길이 보전하세

English (영어)

Verse 1 Until the East Sea's waters and Mount Baekdu are dry and worn, May God protect and preserve our country, long live Korea! Three thousand miles of beautiful rivers and mountains, covered with Mugunghwa, Great Korean people, may we forever preserve our great nation.

Verse 2 Like the pine tree on Mount Namsan, standing firm as if wrapped in iron, Its unchanging spirit through wind and frost is our steadfast will. Three thousand miles of beautiful rivers and mountains, covered with Mugunghwa, Great Korean people, may we forever preserve our great nation.

Verse 3 The autumn sky is vast and clear, high and cloudless, The bright moon is our unwavering, single-hearted devotion. Three thousand miles of beautiful rivers and mountains, covered with Mugunghwa, Great Korean people, may we forever preserve our great nation.

Verse 4 With this spirit and this heart, we pledge our loyalty, Let us love our country, whether in joy or sorrow. Three thousand miles of beautiful rivers and mountains, covered with Mugunghwa, Great Korean people, may we forever preserve our great nation.