Arirang: The Soul of Korea in a Traditional Folk Song

Arirang is Korea’s most iconic traditional folk song, symbolizing the heart and soul of the Korean people. Recognized for its emotional depth and historical significance, Arirang transcends generations, regions, and even national borders.

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Origin and Etymology of Arirang

The exact origin of Arirang is uncertain, but it is believed to have originated during the late Joseon Dynasty (19th century). The most widely accepted theory traces it back to Jeongseon, Gangwon Province, where a tale tells of separated lovers parting at a mountain pass.

The etymology of "Arirang" is still debated. Some scholars suggest that it may have originated from the ancient Korean words:

• "Ari" meaning beautiful or graceful,

• "Rang" meaning beloved one or dear.
  Thus, “Arirang” could be interpreted as “My beautiful beloved.”

Others believe "Arirang" is an onomatopoeic expression of grief or longing, with no literal meaning but rich in emotional resonance.

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Lyrics of Arirang (Standard Version)

This is the most recognized version, often referred to as the Bonjo Arirang (Seoul Arirang):

Arirang, arirang, arariyo  
Arirang gogaero neomeoganda  

Nareul beorigo gasineun nimeun  
Simnido mot gaseo balbyeong nanda

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English Translation

Arirang, Arirang, Arariyo  
Crossing over the Arirang Pass  

The one who abandoned me  
Will not go ten miles before their feet hurt

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Cultural Significance of Arirang

Arirang is more than just a song — it's a cultural emblem of Korea. During the Japanese colonial era, Arirang became a symbol of resistance and unity. For Koreans abroad, it serves as a reminder of home, nostalgia, and identity.

In 2012, UNESCO designated Arirang as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, further solidifying its global recognition.

Arirang has many regional variations — over 60 known versions and more than 3,600 different lyrics — including Jeongseon Arirang, Jindo Arirang, and Miryang Arirang. Each version reflects the unique local dialect, rhythm, and sentiment of its region.

Today, Arirang continues to be used in international events, modern music, film, and Korean dramas, proving its timeless relevance.

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Why Arirang Matters

Arirang reflects the emotions of joy, sorrow, love, and endurance — the full spectrum of the Korean experience. It connects generations and continues to inspire not just Koreans, but people around the world who resonate with its heartfelt melody.